Pumps are industrial workhorses that may be used in a wide range of chemical applications. Pumps are used in a variety of sectors, including oil and gas, petrochemicals, food and beverage, and many other industries, many of which use chemicals in their operations.
The pump is defined as a typical mechanical apparatus whose principal function is to compel a gas or liquid to move forward through a pipeline. These are also used to compress gases that otherwise would have been used to fill tires with air. Pumps pressurize the liquid and employ mechanical energy to pull it in and discharge it throughout the outlet. Wind power, manual operation, electricity, and engines are the most common energy sources for pumps.
Pumps in Chemical Process Engineering are used to transmit energy from one fluid to another. The fluid's pressure or velocity rises, allowing it to overcome physical obstacles such as pipe friction and height variations. Pumps come in a range of forms and sizes, depending on the job they're supposed to do.
A pump is a mechanical device that increases the mechanical energy of liquids or slurries to transfer them from one location to another. They are referred to as energy absorption devices since energy is provided to the pump in order for it to function. They pressurize the fluid by adding energy.
Pumping Principle's
A pump's principle of operation is to increase the pressure of the fluid in order to generate the driving force required for flow. Typically, a centrifugal pressure filter supply pump is used, and the operating principle is that slurry enters the pump through the revolving impeller's eye, causing a circular motion.
What are the types of pumps?
The type of pump and its choices are mostly determined by our needs. The application mostly comprises the sort of fluid you want to pump, the distance you want to move the fluid, and the amount you need in a certain amount of time. It is, however, difficult to determine precisely which type of pump you want. The design as well as the locations can be used to identify the pump. To make things easier while looking for the right pump, the pumps may be divided into two types, each of which performs in a completely different way and encompasses the majority of pump designs.
The two major types of pumps are:-Positive Displacement Pumps and Dynamic Pumps
Positive displacement pumps are divided into several categories, some of which are mentioned here, such as diaphragm, gear, peristaltic, and lobe pumps.
1. Diaphragm Pumps
AOD (Air operated diaphragms) pumps, pneumatic pumps, and AODD pumps are all examples of diaphragm pumps. These pumps are mostly used in continuous applications such as general plants, industrial, and mining. AOD pumps are used in areas where electricity is unavailable or when the environment is unstable and flammable. These pumps are also used to transport chemicals, food, and underground coal mining, among other things. These are responsive pumps with two diaphragms that are powered by compressed air. The air part of the transfer valve alternately directs air toward the two diaphragms, each of which has a pair of a ball or check valves.
2. Gear Pumps
These pumps are a type of rotating positive displacement pump, which means they force a constant quantity of liquid through each rotation. For a non-exciting pumping act, these pumps move liquid with equipment coming in and out of mesh. These pumps are capable of pumping at high pressures and excel at pumping fluids of varying thicknesses. A gear pump does not have any valves, which can result in losses such as friction and high impeller velocities. As a result, this pump can handle heavy liquids like gasoline and grease lubricants. These pumps aren't designed to move solids or corrosive liquids.
3. Peristaltic Pumps
Tube pumps and peristaltic pumps are other names for peristaltic pumps. These pumps are a type of positive displacement pump used mostly in the chemical, food, and water treatment sectors. It creates a consistent flow for measuring and mixing, as well as pumping a range of liquids such as toothpaste and other chemicals.
4. Lobe Pumps
These pumps have a variety of features, including high efficiency, corrosion resistance, sanitary properties, and dependability. These pumps are capable of handling heavy fluids and solids without harming them. Apart from the lobes that do not come into contact with each other, the operation of these pumps is similar to that of gear pumps. Furthermore, as compared to gear pumps, these pumps have larger pumping chambers, allowing them to transport slurries. These are composed of stainless steel that has been highly polished.
Centrifugal, vertical centrifugal, horizontal centrifugal, submersible, etc are some of the different types of dynamic pumps that are covered here.
1. Centrifugal pumps
Pumps of this sort are the most prevalent in use across the world. The operation is straightforward, well-explained, and thoroughly tested. This pump is robust, efficient, and very inexpensive to construct. The fluid pressure will rise from the pump's intake to its output whenever the pump is in operation. The liquid will be pushed throughout the system by the change in pressure. By delivering mechanical power from the electrical motor to the liquid through the rotating impeller, this type of pump increases force. The liquid flow enters the impeller's core and leaves via its blades. The centrifugal pump force increases the fluid's velocity and allows kinetic energy to be converted to force.
2. Vertical centrifugal pumps
Cantilever pumps are another name for vertical centrifugal pumps. Because the bearings are exterior to the pit, these pumps have a distinct shaft and maintenance design that allows the volume to fall into the pit. This type of pump does not employ a filling container to cover the shaft, instead opting for a throttle bushing. The most typical application for this type of pump is a parts washer.
3. Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps
These pumps have a minimum of two impellers and may have more. Pumping services make use of these pumps. Every stage is, at its core, a divide pump. All of the stages are housed in the same shelter and are attached to the same shaft. A minimum of eight stages can be installed on a single horizontal shaft; otherwise, extra stages can be mounted. Every step improves the head by roughly the same amount. Multi-stage pumps can have single or double suction on the first impeller in some cases. This type of centrifugal pump has been provided and serviced by a variety of pumps.
4. Submersible Pumps
Stormwater, sewage, and septic pumps are all terms used to describe these pumps. Building services, household, industrial, commercial, rural, municipal, and rainwater recycling applications are the most common uses for these pumps. Stormwater, subsoil water, sewage, black water, greywater, rainfall, trade waste, chemicals, bore water, and foodstuffs are all good candidates for these pumps. These pipes are used in a variety of impellers, including closed, contra-block, vortex, multi-stage, single-channel, cutter, and grinder pumps. There is a wide range of options available for various purposes, including high flow, low flow, low head, and otherwise high head.
Read more about Handbook for Pumps in Chemical Engineering!
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